What's the difference between Carbon Offsets and Renewable Energy Credits, Anyway?

You think you understand renewable energy credits (Renewable Energy Credits 101). You're sure you understand Carbon Offsets (Carbon Offsets, Why No Two are Created Equal). You are fuzzy on the details about how they differ and when the purchase of one or the other might be appropriate. Never fear! If you can tackle those two monstrosities, this one will be a cakewalk. If you don't understand those other monstrosities, go skim those articles and come back to me.

The first difference is the way that offsets and Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) are measured. Carbon offsets are measured in metric tons of C02 or C02 Equivalent. Renewable Energy Credits are measured in kilowatt hours, which are a standard electricity measurement metric. A kilowatt hour is the amount of work that can be performed by one kilowatt of energy in one hour. Picture a lonely, dim lightbulb hanging from the ceiling that turns on for one hour each day by which you feverishly darn socks in a carbon constrained world—that's a watt, and for the privilege of its use, you'll be charged for 1/1000 kwh of electricity each day. These days, you probably use a several kwh per day.

The second difference between carbon offsets and renewable energy credits is that renewable energy credits only come from renewable energy projects (solar, wind geothermal, biofuels, etc.) while carbon offsets can come from all different kinds of projects—including renewable energy generation—that reduce the level of greenhouse gasses that are entering the atmosphere. To put it another way, RECs are primarily concerned with promoting the generation of clean energy, while carbon offsets are primarily concerned with preventing the emissions that enter the atmosphere. They are both systems that have developed to deal with global warming systematically, but they have different approaches. RECs are forward looking—focused on building a clean energy economy and providing an extra incentive for the creation of renewable energy, while carbon offsets are oriented in the present—dealing with preventing greenhouse gasses from entering the atmosphere right now.

Because of these different measurement systems and the different foci (foci!) of the two programs, RECs and carbon offsets have different precision rates when it comes to carbon. Carbon offsets are all about exactitude, and many of the discussions about the efficacy of offsets center around the degree of certainty a buyer has that the exact amount of carbon s/he has paid for is actually being prevented or captured. RECs, on the other hand, are measured in kilowatt hours, and the carbon content of that 'saved' kwh differs depending on the location of the project and the quality of the local electricity. The dirtier the local electricity, the more carbon an REC 'saves.' Different utilities around the country use different mixes of energy sources, from coal to natural gas to renewables, to create electricity. These sources vary widely in their carbon content. To make matters even more confusing, a utility might even change the mix it uses depending on the time of day- when peak load sets in they might have to rely on dirtier power sources than they would otherwise. So, it's impossible to say exactly how much carbon a clean kwh of renewable energy 'offsets.' The closest we can get is to use the 'emissions factor' for energy from the local utility, which is the average emissions for the mix of sources that the utility uses to create power, and multiply it by the number of kilowatt hours to produce an estimate of the carbon saved per kilowatt. But it will always be an estimate.

This is not to say that RECs are no good. They are an extremely effective way to promote clean energy because they give the providers and extra incentive to keep creating clean energy and we need all the incentives we can get to move toward a clean energy economy. RECs just aren't the most accurate way to offset carbon. I highly recommend using RECs to offset electricity use, because your electric bills will have a record of the exact number of kwh you used, and you can buy RECs to account for all the dirty emissions your plugged-in Macbook caused. Then, you can buy carbon offsets to cover all your driving and flying.

'But what about renewable carbon offsets?', you say. 'Those seem like the best of both worlds!' I'm getting there. Those are good to, and if you really value the promotion of clean energy despite some of the accuracy issues, you can buy renewable energy offsets. Many times offsets will actually come from the exact same projects as the RECs, but the nice thing about buying the offset version instead of buying RECs and doing the calculations yourself is that someone else—hopefully a third party verifier—is determining how much carbon each kwh of clean energy replaced. So you don't have to! Rest easy, and lay off the carbon guilt.

足本版承諾MV ： 演藝人協會四川大地震賑災主題曲

中国，不要哭泣

Come Home by Onerepublic

Free download :

http://link-protector.com/337684/

"Come Home"

[Verse 1]
Hello world
Hope you're listening
Forgive me if I’m young
For speaking out of turn
There’s someone I’ve been missing
I think that they could be
The better half of me
They’re in their own place trying to make it right
But I’m tired of justifying
So i say you’ll..

[Chorus]
Come home
Come home
Cause I’ve been waiting for you
For so long
For so long
And right now there's a war between the vanities
But all i see is you and me
The fight for you is all I’ve ever known
So come home
Oooh

[Verse 2]
I get lost in the beauty
Of everything i see
The world ain’t as half as bad
As they paint it to be
If all the sons
If all the daughters
Stopped to take it in
Well hopefully the hate subsides and the love can begin
It might start now..Yeahh
Well maybe I’m just dreaming out loud
Until then

[Chorus]
Come home
Come home
Cause I’ve been waiting for you
For so long
For so long
And right now there's a war between the vanities
But all i see is you and me
The fight for you is all I’ve ever known
Ever known
So come home
Oooh

[Interlude]
Everything i can’t be
Is everything you should be
And that’s why i need you here
Everything i can’t be
Is everything you should be
And that’s why i need you here
So hear this now

[Chorus]
Come home
Come home
Cause I’ve been waiting for you
For so long
For so long
And right now there's a war between the vanities
But all i see is you and me
The fight for you is all I’ve ever known
Ever known
So come home
Come home

经典歌曲

Grey's Anatomy Season4 音乐

Episode1: A Change is Gonna Come
Oversleeping- I'm From Barcelona
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/938001.mp3
Knock 'Em Out-Lily Allen
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/937994.mp3
23-Blonde Redhead
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/937976.mp3
Reasons To Love You-Meiko
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/938011.mp3
To Build A Home-Cinematic Orchestra
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/938024.mp3

Episode2: Love/Addiction
From My Heart to Yours -Laura Izibor
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967199.mp3
The Yard-Trolle Siebenhaar
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967224.mp3
Castle-Time-Chris Garneau
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967147.mp3
Little Bit of You in Everything-The Rentals
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967216.mp3
Carousel -Amy Obenski
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967129.mp3
Moon and Sun-Gomez
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/967184.mp3

Episode3: Let the Truth Sting
My Moon My Man-Feist
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/988402.mp3
Best Friends-The Perishers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/988376.mp3
The Ocean-The Bravery
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/988343.mp3

Episode4: The Heart of the Matter
Better Already-Northern State
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016236.mp3
Milk and Honey-Prince Fatty
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016261.mp3
The Absence of Your Company-Kim Richey
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016321.mp3
Rockers to Swallow-Yeah Yeah Yeahs（十月来北京演出了，就是那天下雨……）
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016288.mp3
Hawaii-Meiko
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016251.mp3
Sun Comes Up-John Legend
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1016302.mp3

Episode5: Haunt You Everyday
Listen Up! -The Gossip
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039823.mp3
Fools Gold - Katie Herzig
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039802.mp3
Come Out of the Shade - The Perishers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039797.mp3
Polite Dance Song - The Bird And The Bee
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039831.mp3
Get Well Soon - The Perishers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039805.mp3
I Will Show You Love - Kendall Payne
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1039815.mp3


Episode6: Kung Fu Fighting
Raindrops From The Sun-Imani Coppola
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088414.mp3
Don't Try To Fool Me- Miss Li
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1068762.mp3
Say A Lot-Buddy
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088426.mp3
Cheer Me Up Thank You- New Buffalo
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1068747.mp3
Let Somebody In-Magic Numbers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1068783.mp3
Merry Happy- Kate Nash
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088395.mp3
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088531.mp3 (UK Bonus Track)



Episode7: Physical Attraction...
Name-Derek Webb
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088440.mp3
iluvitwhenya-Northern State
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088432.mp3
San Jose -Joe Purdy
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088478.mp3
Pouring On The Gasoline- Calahan
Not Release
Rain-Priscilla Ahn
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1088458.mp3

Episode8: Forever Young
What Would Jay-Z Do?-Ben Lee
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1112002.mp3
The Last One-Cary Brothers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1111993.mp3
Call It Off-Tegan and Sara
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1111981.mp3
Black and Blue- Chris Garneau
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1111947.mp3
Breakin' Up-Rilo Kiley
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1111973.mp3


Episode9:Crash Into Me - Part One
Movie Star-Roisin Murphy
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1144930.mp3
Some Surprise -The Cake Sale
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1146086.mp3
Where I Stood-Missy Higgins
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1146081.mp3
Let Me Out -Ben's Brothers
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1144907.mp3
All the World (Tell Myself) -Correatown
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1144898.mp3
Revival -Soulsaver
http://www.musicwebtown.com/reni87/playlists/121235/1144963.mp3

24小时 第一 二季 在线视频

永恒的忧愁

最初想到哲学这个话题，还是源于一位马来西亚的华人女孩，是学建筑设计的二年级学生，认识她是在学会招新，闲着没事，就开始聊天。记得那天聊了很多，具体的忘记了，但是记得话题是围绕着哲学。

我对哲学不是很了解，一点点地见解也是源于上学期拿的一门哲学课，系统的了解哲学就仅仅限于课堂还有习题课，剩下的便全是兴趣与爱好，可能更多的是和朋友们交谈中得到的灵感。想到这个标题是想到了《永恒的乡愁》，那篇对庄子的描述，极致经典的一篇文字，永恒的乡愁，永恒的忧愁，是文字的主题，包括对庄子当年的窘况的描写以及他的志气心向。

和朋友谈天，说道哲学。她一脸的茫然“什么是哲学”。我也不知道什么哲学，大概就是关于困境的学问吧，于是把听来的例子讲给她听。

“如果你是一个有轨机车的司机，在你面前的轨道上有五个人质，在另一个轨道上有两个人质，你可以把车开到有两个人质的轨道上，但是没有办法把车停下来。也就是你要么选择让五个人死，要么选择要两个人死 。你会怎么办？”很多人给出的答案是选择把车开到两个人的那条轨道上，我追问她原因，她说因为结果是相对来说比较好的。我接着问她，为什么两个人的生命不如五个人？难道因为是人人平等，二小于五，所以选择二个人的轨道？好，那，如果，我告诉你，这两个所在的轨道，其中一个人是亿万富翁，如果你不选择他的那条轨道，你会拿到上亿的回报，你该怎么办？她开始支吾，没容她回到，我接着讲到，那人的价值是靠什么来衡量的？

接下来一个困惑是来自于旁人。“如果你是一个路人，你站在天桥上面，你看到了这个火车将要撞向五个人质，你知道，一个重物能把火车停下来，正好，你身边站着一个大胖子。你会选择把他推下去吗？”她回到，不知道，只是觉得旁边的这个人是无辜的，把一个无辜的人推下去...我反问，按照刚才那个最优结果标准来看待，你应该把他推下去，因为牺牲他一个，能够换回五个人的生命，哪怕是因此你犯法入狱，也仅仅是牺牲两个人，但是拯救的是五个人。她说，就是很乱....很多人的答案其实和她一样，就是觉得那个胖子很无辜，为什么要让一个无辜的人去承受本不属于他的责任呢，可是，从第一困惑的角度来看，我们在乎只是结果而已，那死掉一个胖子和死掉第一个困惑里面的两个人质是一样的。

还有一个比较经典的困惑时，“如果你是一个路人，你碰巧看到了这个火车将要撞向五个人质，你刚好有能力跑道街边去找到电源，去终止这列火车，但是因为此你付出了时间，而因此你不能去做一个千载难逢的面试，如果你没有办法面试的话，你接下来后半生的日子会一直悲惨。那，你会选择去停止这列火车么？”她说，会的。很多人都会选择会，但是问道原因时，他们都说，因为我还会有机会做面试啊，我还可以自己努力..我说，不可以，你如果选择停止火车，那你将会失去所有机会，你的后半生都会很悲惨。你还会去做吗？有些人开始犹豫，有些人还是坚持这自己的答案，有些人说你给的条件太那选择了。

最后的这人说了实话，这些条件太难选择了。因为这就是哲学，这就是要来解决的问题。这就是哲学要回答的问题，把我们放在一个极端的困惑里面，然后大声的吆喝着要你选择，你该如何做。

她听得很迷惑，于是说，难怪那些哲学家都是疯子。我接着解释下去，说他们是疯子是因为他们的观点过于和社会普遍所接受的不同，但是这不等同于错误，更不能因此得到他们是疯子这一推断。像千年前的庄子，不是一样的不被人理解？可是，今天，他的很多观点都被大众所接受。只是一个时间而已。他们这些哲学家都是预言家，都是最最聪明的智者，他们坚信自己的理论终有一天会被人理解，这样的一份勇气就值得我们鼓掌称赞。

庄子最终选择了孤独，没有说他孤单，因为他还有他的思想伴着他，哪怕是在饿肚子的时候，但他却始终是孤独的，因为没有人理解。他把永恒留给了时间，却再一次的把忧愁留给了自己。


--完--
红豆于孤岛

Come again--by Sting

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNzK28eCdc8


Come again! sweet love doth now invite
Thy graces that refrain
To do me due delight,
To see, to hear, to touch, to kiss, to die,
With thee again in sweetest sympathy.

Come again! that I may cease to mourn
Through thy unkind disdain;
For now left and forlorn
I sit, I sigh, I weep, I faint, I die
In deadly pain and endless misery.

All the day the sun that lends me shine
By frowns doth cause me pine
And feeds me with delay;
Her smiles, my springs that makes my joy to grow,
Her frowns the winter of my woe.

All the night my sleeps are full of dreams,
My eyes are full of streams.
My heart takes no delight

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